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	<title>debian相关文章列表 | 皇家元林</title>
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	<item>
		<title>PVE及其虚拟机的问题</title>
		<link>https://hjyl.org/pve-debian-fnos-openwrt-win2025-ups/</link>
					<comments>https://hjyl.org/pve-debian-fnos-openwrt-win2025-ups/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[皇家元林]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 19 Dec 2024 14:00:29 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[元林手札]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[debian]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fnos]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[openwrt]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[PVE]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[UPS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Windows 2025]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://hjyl.org/?p=5600</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[组完网，安装好PVE 2.5G网口驱动，就可以安装虚拟机了。必装的有：Debian、openwrt、fnos、 [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p>组完网，安装好PVE 2.5G网口驱动，就可以安装虚拟机了。必装的有：Debian、openwrt、fnos、Win系统。</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">一、Debian</h3>



<p>Debian为主流服务器，用的中科大的源。之前以为Fedora的源都是最新的，比较之下，发现比Debian要新，但又不是最新的。openssh能编译更新到最新版本，但openssl老是更新失败，编译倒是没问题，但就是不能生效新版本。</p>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code lang="bash" class="language-bash line-numbers">/sbin/ldconfig
#更新库链接

openssl version
#更新之后，查看openssl版本，出现这样的问题
openssl: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libssl.so.3: version `OPENSSL_3.4.0' not found (required by openssl)
openssl: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libssl.so.3: version `OPENSSL_3.2.0' not found (required by openssl)
openssl: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcrypto.so.3: version `OPENSSL_3.3.0' not found (required by openssl)
openssl: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcrypto.so.3: version `OPENSSL_3.4.0' not found (required by openssl)
openssl: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcrypto.so.3: version `OPENSSL_3.2.0' not found (required by openssl)

######################################
find / -name libssl.so.3
/root/openssl-3.4.0/libssl.so.3
/usr/local/mysql/lib/private/libssl.so.3
/usr/local/openssl/lib64/libssl.so.3
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libssl.so.3

find / -name libcrypto.so.3
/root/openssl-3.4.0/libcrypto.so.3
/usr/local/mysql/lib/private/libcrypto.so.3
/usr/local/openssl/lib64/libcrypto.so.3
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcrypto.so.3

rm /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libssl.so.3
rm /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcrypto.so.3
ln -s /usr/local/openssl/lib64/libssl.so.3 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libssl.so.3
ln -s /usr/local/openssl/lib64/libcrypto.so.3 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcrypto.so.3
######################################
#我以为找到这两个文件，然后更新x86_64-linux-gnu里的软连接就好了，可最后还是不行。

openssl version
OpenSSL 3.0.15 3 Sep 2024 (Library: OpenSSL 3.4.0 22 Oct 2024)
#openssl的版本混了，这样的情况，会导致smtp发信的发不了</code></pre>



<p>这个问题后续还得继续折腾一下，看有没有方法搞定！</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">二、openwrt</h3>



<p>openwrt用来当交换机，连接老主机和新电脑，让新电脑联网。</p>



<figure class="wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex">
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="3804" height="1155" data-id="5602" src="https://img.hjyl.org/uploads/2024/12/wechat_2024-12-19_203431_409.png"  class="wp-image-5602" srcset="https://img.hjyl.org/uploads/2024/12/wechat_2024-12-19_203431_409.png 3804w, https://img.hjyl.org/uploads/2024/12/wechat_2024-12-19_203431_409-1536x466.png 1536w, https://img.hjyl.org/uploads/2024/12/wechat_2024-12-19_203431_409-2048x622.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 3804px) 100vw, 3804px" title="wechat_2024 12 19_203431_409.png" alt="wechat_2024 12 19_203431_409.png" /></figure>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1313" height="845" data-id="5601" src="https://img.hjyl.org/uploads/2024/12/wechat_2024-12-19_203506_746.png"  class="wp-image-5601" title="wechat_2024 12 19_203506_746.png" alt="wechat_2024 12 19_203506_746.png" /></figure>
</figure>



<p>将你需要的网口设置网桥：网络——接口——设备——配置，常规设备选项将设备类型设置为网桥设备，网桥端口添加网口。</p>



<p>这样所有网络都是从路由器分配的IP，都在同一局域网内了。不过这样的话，openwrt的服务可能用不了。<a href="https://hjyl.org/go/aHR0cHM6Ly96aHVqaWFubGluLmNvbQ==" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">老朱</a>说，再装一个openwrt做旁路由，这脑子转得快啊。</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">三、fnos</h3>



<p>fnos安装非常简单，app连接可以自动检测内网还是外网连接，内网直接局域网连接，外网则支持中继连接，官方支持最高8Mbps带宽，备份相册，看720P的视频挺顺畅的。</p>



<p>之前说直通显卡驱动，GPU加速有问题，后来发现安装了驱动就好了。</p>



<figure class="wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex">
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1340" height="480" data-id="5603" src="https://img.hjyl.org/uploads/2024/12/wechat_2024-12-19_193313_150.png"  class="wp-image-5603" title="wechat_2024 12 19_193313_150.png" alt="wechat_2024 12 19_193313_150.png" /></figure>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1242" height="377" data-id="5604" src="https://img.hjyl.org/uploads/2024/12/wechat_2024-12-19_193246_686.png"  class="wp-image-5604" title="wechat_2024 12 19_193246_686.png" alt="wechat_2024 12 19_193246_686.png" /></figure>
</figure>



<p>看，这有Intel和英伟达显卡驱动，根据自己的情况，安装对应的驱动即可。这样就可以实现硬件加速了。</p>



<p>为了识别硬盘数据，不用PVE虚拟盘，直接将硬盘直通到fnos，PVE只能将硬盘控制器直通，所以所有sata硬盘只能用作fnos。这就有那么一点问题，还好PICE转接卡控制器是单独的，可用作PVE空间。</p>



<p>虽然PVE安装了2.5G网口驱动，但是fnos用的虚拟网口，不能识别2.5网卡型号，不过速率不影响，还是能达到2.5G速率的。</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="899" height="615" src="https://img.hjyl.org/uploads/2024/12/wechat_2024-12-19_210028_040.png"  class="wp-image-5605" title="wechat_2024 12 19_210028_040.png" alt="wechat_2024 12 19_210028_040.png" /></figure>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">四、Win2025</h3>



<p>考虑到如果在外面有什么需要操作的，可以远程协助Win系统，操作家里的局域网。而且Win server系统要求配置没那么高，很适合虚拟机安装。</p>



<p>PVE安装Win系统，需要安装驱动 Windows VirtIO Drivers<a href="https://hjyl.org/go/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWRvcmFwZW9wbGUub3JnL2dyb3Vwcy92aXJ0L3ZpcnRpby13aW4vZGlyZWN0LWRvd25sb2Fkcy9zdGFibGUtdmlydGlvL3ZpcnRpby13aW4uaXNv" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">下载最新版本</a>。</p>



<p>在Win虚拟机配置中同时加载Win2025.iso和virtio-win.iso，然后在加载硬盘时先选择驱动，再分区。</p>



<figure class="wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-3 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex">
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1526" height="697" data-id="5606" src="https://img.hjyl.org/uploads/2024/12/f45d9341427fc878586ebf19f5b445e0.png"  class="wp-image-5606" title="f45d9341427fc878586ebf19f5b445e0.png" alt="f45d9341427fc878586ebf19f5b445e0.png" /></figure>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="942" height="713" data-id="5607" src="https://img.hjyl.org/uploads/2024/12/31ed5c331c553065669180a98abc915e.png"  class="wp-image-5607" title="31ed5c331c553065669180a98abc915e.png" alt="31ed5c331c553065669180a98abc915e.png" /></figure>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="942" height="715" data-id="5610" src="https://img.hjyl.org/uploads/2024/12/ddd7774ca5504e4287e5b09735228a5a.png"  class="wp-image-5610" title="ddd7774ca5504e4287e5b09735228a5a.png" alt="ddd7774ca5504e4287e5b09735228a5a.png" /></figure>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="942" height="704" data-id="5608" src="https://img.hjyl.org/uploads/2024/12/f5078b7adbd74fc7e1c43aeaf7602fb3.png"  class="wp-image-5608" title="f5078b7adbd74fc7e1c43aeaf7602fb3.png" alt="f5078b7adbd74fc7e1c43aeaf7602fb3.png" /></figure>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="942" height="708" data-id="5611" src="https://img.hjyl.org/uploads/2024/12/1c1f382e19617e7eca0f8504144f2ec6.png"  class="wp-image-5611" title="1c1f382e19617e7eca0f8504144f2ec6.png" alt="1c1f382e19617e7eca0f8504144f2ec6.png" /></figure>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="942" height="712" data-id="5609" src="https://img.hjyl.org/uploads/2024/12/b54f9d4b2d51864f2753c5b3b4c576a6.png"  class="wp-image-5609" title="b54f9d4b2d51864f2753c5b3b4c576a6.png" alt="b54f9d4b2d51864f2753c5b3b4c576a6.png" /></figure>
</figure>



<p>详细步骤可以参考：https://blog.csdn.net/u012374381/article/details/130567910</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">五、PVE连接UPS通信，实现停电正常关机</h3>



<p>三年前入手<a href="https://hjyl.org/ups-of-1111/">APC BK650M2-CH</a>，正好支持USB通信。昨晚看到fnos更新，直接支持UPS连接，我觉得很好，而且还正好也支持这个型号的UPS。只不过我安装在PVE的虚拟机，所以我在想能不能实现PVE连接ups呢，嘿，还真可以！</p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">①安装APC UPS服务</h4>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code lang="bash" class="language-bash line-numbers">apt install apcupsd -y</code></pre>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">②修改配置文件</h4>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code lang="bash" class="language-bash line-numbers">nano /etc/apcupsd/apcupsd.conf</code></pre>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code lang="bash" class="language-bash line-numbers">1.UPSCABLE：指定UPS设备与计算机之间使用的通信协议，可以是"usb"、"serial"或者"ethernet"等。例如：
UPSCABLE usb          # 使用USB通信协议

2.UPSTYPE：指定UPS设备的类型usb
UPSTYPE usb         # DEVICE /dev/ttyS0 这行要注释掉
#DEVICE /dev/ttyS0 

3.ONBATTERYDELAY：UPS设备切换到电池供电模式后延迟执行一些特定操作的时间（秒）
ONBATTERYDELAY 6

4.BATTERYLEVEL：UPS电池电量的阈值，当UPS电池电量低于指定阈值时会关机（百分比值）
BATTERYLEVEL 20

5.MINUTES：UPS设备内部计算的剩余电池供电时间（分钟）低于MINUTES则关机。
MINUTES 10

6.TIMEOUT：在停电期间，UPS设备在电池供电模式下超过了TIMEOUT参数指定的时间（秒），就执行关机
 
TIMEOUT 0
 
注意：BATTERYLEVEL、MINUTES和TIMEOUT参数是相互关联的，
因此，其中任何一个参数首先达到阈值都会导致系统启动关机程序。

7.POLLTIME：设置apcupsd向UPS设备查询状态的时间间隔（以秒为单位）
POLLTIME 30

8.EVENTSFILE：设置apcupsd的日志输出路径。APCUPSd 会将各种事件（如停电、电池状态变化、警报等）记录在事件日志文件中</code></pre>



<p class="has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b2c8a25d91f2e883391c6c805bfa6678"><strong>注意：# DEVICE /dev/ttyS0 这行要注释掉，不然连接不到UPS。</strong></p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">③启动apcupsd服务</h4>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code lang="bash" class="language-bash line-numbers">#启动apcupsd服务
systemctl start apcupsd

#apcupsd服务开机自动启动
systemctl enable apcupsd

#重启apcupsd服务
systemctl restart apcupsd

#查看apcupsd服务状态
systemctl status apcupsd

#查看ups状态
apcaccess </code></pre>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1247" height="671" src="https://img.hjyl.org/uploads/2024/12/wechat_2024-12-19_214128_357.png"  class="wp-image-5612" title="wechat_2024 12 19_214128_357.png" alt="wechat_2024 12 19_214128_357.png" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">apcupsd status</figcaption></figure>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">④测试UPS断电测试</h4>



<p>我设置电量只支持10分钟下正常关闭PVE，测试中，收到邮件通知后，直接关闭PVE和虚拟机了。看来UPS的电源撑不了那么久了。</p>



<figure class="wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-4 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex">
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1257" height="534" data-id="5613" src="https://img.hjyl.org/uploads/2024/12/wechat_2024-12-19_193131_249.png"  class="wp-image-5613" title="wechat_2024 12 19_193131_249.png" alt="wechat_2024 12 19_193131_249.png" /></figure>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1110" height="560" data-id="5614" src="https://img.hjyl.org/uploads/2024/12/wechat_2024-12-19_185242_649.png"  class="wp-image-5614" title="wechat_2024 12 19_185242_649.png" alt="wechat_2024 12 19_185242_649.png" /></figure>
</figure>



<p>这样以后停电我也能收到通知了。再加上路由器支持网络唤醒功能，来电了，我也能远程唤醒PVE。</p>



<p>另外局域网内其他设备也可以使用apcupsd服务。</p>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code lang="bash" class="language-bash line-numbers">#编辑apcupsd的配置文件/etc/apcupsd/apcupsd.conf，确保以下参数设置正确：
 
NETSERVER on       # 开启网络服务
NISIP 0.0.0.0      # 监听所有网络接口
NISPORT 3551       # 监听端口号
 
#如果只想允许特定的IP地址访问网络服务，则可以将NISIP参数设置为相应的IP地址
 
#重启apcupsd服务以使更改生效，使用以下命令：
systemctl restart apcupsd.service</code></pre>



<p>去apcupsd官网下载安装对应系统的软件包：www.apcupsd.org</p>



<p>以下是windows作为网络连接的配置</p>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code lang="bash" class="language-bash line-numbers">C:\apcupsd\etc\apcupsd\apcupsd.conf
 
UPSCABLE ether
UPSTYPE net
DEVICE 192.168.0.253:3551
TIMEOUT 30
UPSCLASS shareslave
UPSMODE share</code></pre>



<p>参考文章：</p>



<p>①https://blog.csdn.net/qq_17111397/article/details/130049832</p>



<p>②https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/537027469</p>



<p>③https://fedorapeople.org/groups/virt/virtio-win/direct-downloads/archive-virtio/</p>



<p>④https://pve.proxmox.com/wiki/Windows_VirtIO_Drivers</p>
<div id="content-copyright"><span style="font-weight:bold;text-shadow:0 1px 0 #ddd;font-size: 13px;">版权声明: </span><span style="font-size: 13px;">本文采用 <a href="https://hjyl.org/go/aHR0cHM6Ly9jcmVhdGl2ZWNvbW1vbnMub3JnL2xpY2Vuc2VzL2J5LW5jLXNhLzMuMC8=" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">BY-NC-SA</a> 协议进行授权，如无注明均为原创，转载请注明转自 <a href="https://hjyl.org">皇家元林</a><br>本文链接: <a rel="bookmark" title="PVE及其虚拟机的问题" href="https://hjyl.org/pve-debian-fnos-openwrt-win2025-ups/">PVE及其虚拟机的问题</a></span></div>]]></content:encoded>
					
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			<slash:comments>15</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Linux版微信出来了</title>
		<link>https://hjyl.org/linux-weixin/</link>
					<comments>https://hjyl.org/linux-weixin/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[皇家元林]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 08 Nov 2024 14:25:02 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[元林手札]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[debian]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fedora]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[微信]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://hjyl.org/?p=5459</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[前几天就有消息称微信给deepin和麒麟上应用了。没想到Linux版微信就都有了。应该是随4.0公测版一起放出 [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p>前几天就有消息称微信给deepin和麒麟上应用了。没想到<a href="https://hjyl.org/go/aHR0cHM6Ly9saW51eC53ZWl4aW4ucXEuY29tLw==" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Linux版微信</a>就都有了。应该是随4.0公测版一起放出来的吧。虽为测试版，但用起来未见明显bug。这个版本跟QQ好像啊，越来越有苹果风了。自此Linux生态越来越好了。</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1332" height="663" src="https://img.hjyl.org/uploads/2024/11/wechat_2024-11-08_215941_629.png"  class="wp-image-5460" title="wechat_2024 11 08_215941_629.png" alt="wechat_2024 11 08_215941_629.png" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">微信Linux版</figcaption></figure>



<p>我比较喜欢Debian和Fedora系统，Debian安装deb版本，Fedora安装rpm版本，虽然都是Linux，但还是不太一样的。我的笔记本早就安装了Debian 桌面版了，Gnome桌面环境现在是越来越好了。</p>



<p>通过下面命令直接安装deb文件：</p>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code lang="bash" class="language-bash line-numbers">apt install ./WeChatLinux_x86_64.deb</code></pre>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1046" height="554" src="https://img.hjyl.org/uploads/2024/11/2024-11-08_220414_626.png"  class="wp-image-5462" title="2024 11 08_220414_626.png" alt="2024 11 08_220414_626.png" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">apt命令安装</figcaption></figure>



<p>虽然后面这个有错误信息，但是可以忽略。</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2560" height="1920" src="https://img.hjyl.org/uploads/2024/11/2024-11-08_220011_257-scaled.jpg"  class="wp-image-5461" srcset="https://img.hjyl.org/uploads/2024/11/2024-11-08_220011_257-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://img.hjyl.org/uploads/2024/11/2024-11-08_220011_257-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://img.hjyl.org/uploads/2024/11/2024-11-08_220011_257-2048x1536.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" title="2024 11 08_220011_257 scaled.jpg" alt="2024 11 08_220011_257 scaled.jpg" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Linux微信</figcaption></figure>



<p>搞不懂，为什么现在越来越离不开微信了呢？其实我挺讨厌它的。我们办公基本上不是微信就是钉钉，更多的还是微信。为什么换iPhone16？就是因为XR微信太卡了。现在换iPhone16之后，丝滑多了，貌似也没那么讨厌了。</p>



<p>正在用Linux系统的你，赶紧下载试试吧！</p>
<div id="content-copyright"><span style="font-weight:bold;text-shadow:0 1px 0 #ddd;font-size: 13px;">版权声明: </span><span style="font-size: 13px;">本文采用 <a href="https://hjyl.org/go/aHR0cHM6Ly9jcmVhdGl2ZWNvbW1vbnMub3JnL2xpY2Vuc2VzL2J5LW5jLXNhLzMuMC8=" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">BY-NC-SA</a> 协议进行授权，如无注明均为原创，转载请注明转自 <a href="https://hjyl.org">皇家元林</a><br>本文链接: <a rel="bookmark" title="Linux版微信出来了" href="https://hjyl.org/linux-weixin/">Linux版微信出来了</a></span></div>]]></content:encoded>
					
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			<slash:comments>20</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>笔记本安装PVE入坑</title>
		<link>https://hjyl.org/notebook-pve-only-wifi/</link>
					<comments>https://hjyl.org/notebook-pve-only-wifi/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[皇家元林]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 21 Sep 2024 14:06:54 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[元林手札]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[debian]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[PVE]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Wi-Fi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[无线网卡]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[笔记本]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://hjyl.org/?p=5355</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[昨天的昨天，也就是前天晚上，爆肝到凌晨三点多，我告诉自己再不睡觉，天就要亮了，而且当天还得上班。还好上班一点都 [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p>昨天的昨天，也就是前天晚上，爆肝到凌晨三点多，我告诉自己再不睡觉，天就要亮了，而且当天还得上班。还好上班一点都没犯困，下班回来，吃过饭就困的不行。</p>



<p>三年前，我买了一款<a href="https://hjyl.org/notebook-of-1111/">Thinkpad笔记本</a>，当时我们公司时不时还需要考证，都是些没用的证，譬如三级会展设计师，但是可以补助2000块，而且考试也是走走形式。而考试需要带笔记本，甭管好的坏的都行。于是我就买了个二手的。从那以后，我这台电脑就一直在吃灰了，因为我又买了个pad，基本上够用了。最近fnos不是很火嘛，这一看不得了，所有app都给我推这个视频文章之类的。所以我想折腾一下，顺便试试PVE，以前用esxi感觉不错，除了驱动有限制，用起来还是很顺手的，只是后来把我硬盘搞坏掉之后，再也不想用了。或许是我硬盘的问题，不管了。</p>



<p>pve和fnos一样，都是基于Debian开发的，我对Debian的印象还是不错的，我的服务器系统都是用Debian的，就是软件库的版本跟不上，相比之下，Fedora就比较新一些。</p>



<p>那么言归正传只有无线网卡的笔记本怎么安装pve，然后联网呢？</p>



<p>安装是比较顺利的，也很快。起先我以为选择无线网卡就可以像其他主机一样，可以网桥虚拟机，正常的联网呢，但是无线网卡不行。找了很多资料，配置相当复杂。我来总结记录一下。</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">#需要联网</h3>



<p>额，没错，连不上网，还得需要联网，咋弄？还好我有USB网卡，插上之后，笔记本上登录pve的控制台，使用“ip a”命令可以看到你的网卡情况，这时你可以在插拔之间，看到USB网卡的名字。然后</p>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code lang="bash" class="language-bash line-numbers">cp /etc/network/interfaces /etc/network/interfaces.bak</code></pre>



<p>备份一下/etc/network/interfaces配置，万一出问题了还能恢复。然后</p>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code lang="bash" class="language-bash line-numbers">nano /etc/network/interfaces</code></pre>



<p>编辑配置，加上USB网卡的配置：</p>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code lang="toml" class="language-toml line-numbers">auto enxf01e546328eb
iface enxf01e546328eb inet dhcp
#enxf01e546328eb是你网卡名称，一般有线网卡都是en开头的</code></pre>



<p>但是问题来了，我没有USB网卡怎么办？人家说手机USB也能共享网络，这个我没试过可以自行试之。就是将上面配置的网卡名称改成对应的USB即可。譬如：</p>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code lang="toml" class="language-toml line-numbers">auto usb0
iface usb0 inet dhcp</code></pre>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">#安装无线网卡驱动</h3>



<p>我这个没特别安装，或许核心自带驱动，所以跳过此步骤，我就假装我这笔记本无需另外安装网卡驱动。然而就是要特别需要安装BCM4360和RTL88x2bu网卡驱动的可以参考如下文章：</p>



<p><a href="https://hjyl.org/go/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuamlhbnNodS5jb20vcC84YzY4NGQxMWJhZjA=" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.jianshu.com/p/8c684d11baf0</a><br><a href="https://hjyl.org/go/aHR0cHM6Ly91bml4LnN0YWNrZXhjaGFuZ2UuY29tL3F1ZXN0aW9ucy8xNzU4MTAvaG93LXRvLWluc3RhbGwtYnJvYWRjb20tYmNtNDM2MC1vbi1kZWJpYW4tb24tbWFjYm9vay1wcm8=" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/175810/how-to-install-broadcom-bcm4360-on-debian-on-macbook-pro</a></p>



<p><a href="https://hjyl.org/go/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xpeGlmdW4vYXJ0aWNsZS9kZXRhaWxzLzEyNTQ1MjM4Mg==" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://blog.csdn.net/lixifun/article/details/125452382</a></p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">#安装wpasupplicant</h3>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code lang="bash" class="language-bash line-numbers">apt update &amp;&amp; apt install wpasupplicant</code></pre>



<p>因为无线Wi-Fi是使用wpa/wpa2加密的，想连接这种加密的wifi需要wpasupplicant支持。然后修改/etc/network/interfaces文件，添加无线接口配置：</p>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code lang="toml" class="language-toml line-numbers">auto wlp4s0
iface wlp4s0 inet dhcp
        wpa-ssid 你的wifi名称
        wpa-psk 你的wifi密码</code></pre>



<p>然后通过“ifup wlp4s0”命令激活连接WiFi网络。或者重启网络。</p>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code lang="bash" class="language-bash line-numbers">service networking restart
systemctl restart networking.service</code></pre>



<p>无意外的话，应该成功连上Wi-Fi了，可以删除/etc/network/interfaces文件中usb0配置了。也可以通过分配的IP地址访问pve的web界面了。通过“ip a”可以查IP。</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">#安装DHCP服务器</h3>



<p>因为无线网卡不能直接网桥，所以虚拟机不能分配到IP，需要安装DHCP服务器分配IP地址。</p>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code lang="bash" class="language-bash line-numbers"># 安装dhcp服务器
apt install isc-dhcp-server
# 备份一下默认的配置
mv /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf.bak</code></pre>



<p>编辑/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf文件，填入以下内容新建一个子网，网段和虚拟网桥的网段；dns是我的主路由和一个公共dns；routers 是虚拟网桥的地址，注意虚拟网桥的地址设置为10.3.3.1/24而不是10.3.3.1/32，否则网络不能经过网桥转发。</p>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code lang="toml" class="language-toml line-numbers">subnet 10.3.3.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
  range 10.3.3.10 10.3.3.99;
  option domain-name-servers 192.168.0.1, 223.5.5.5;
  option routers 10.3.3.1;
}</code></pre>



<p>给vmbr0指定dhcp服务，修改/etc/default/isc-dhcp-server文件如下，</p>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code lang="toml" class="language-toml line-numbers">INTERFACESv4=”vmbr0″</code></pre>



<p>使用service isc-dhcp-server restart启动dhcp服务。</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">#虚拟机访问外网</h3>



<p>修改/etc/network/interfaces，设置下网络配置，使用iptables命令添加转发规则，把所有的请求都通过无线网卡转发出去。</p>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code lang="toml" class="language-toml line-numbers">auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
# 默认的网络
iface enp4s0 inet manual
# 如果你有有线网络，可能就像这样
auto wlp4s0
iface wlp4s0 inet dhcp
        wpa-ssid xxxx
        wpa-psk xxxxxxxx
# 无线网络配置
auto vmbr0
iface vmbr0 inet static
        address 10.3.3.1/24
        bridge-ports none
        bridge-stp off
        bridge-fd 0
# pve网桥虚拟网卡vmbr0配置
post-up iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o wlp4s0 -j MASQUERADE
post-down iptables -t nat -D POSTROUTING -o wlp4s0 -j MASQUERADE
# 转发流量到无线网卡</code></pre>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">#打开系统转发的功能</h3>



<p>这是最最最关键的一步，前面设置好，WiFi是正常的，虚拟机dhcp也是正常的，但是虚拟机访问不了外面，就是这步的问题。这相当于一个总开关，修改/etc/sysctl.conf把其中net.ipv4.ip_forward=1的注释去掉，然后执行sysctl -p使配置生效。好了，网络都正常了。</p>



<p>但是问题来了，我这192的局域网怎么访问10的局域网呢？</p>



<div class="wp-block-group is-style-hmd-border has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background has-background"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained">
<p>在<a href="https://hjyl.org/go/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuamlhbnNodS5jb20vcC84YzY4NGQxMWJhZjA=" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">这篇文章</a>里介绍用静态路由的方法。</p>



<p>第一步，在静态路由中添加一条规则，接口填LAN，目标10.3.3.0/24，网关192.168.0.110。这样当路由器下的设备访问10.3.3.0/24时，请求就会到192.168.0.110。<br>第二步，添加一条iptables规则就好了，还是直接上/etc/network/interfaces文件：</p>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code lang="toml" class="language-toml line-numbers">auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

iface enp4s0 inet dhcp

auto wlp4s0
iface wlp4s0 inet dhcp
        wpa-ssid xxxx
        wpa-psk xxxxxxxx

auto vmbr0
iface vmbr0 inet static
        address 10.3.3.1/24
        bridge-ports none
        bridge-stp off
        bridge-fd 0

post-up iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o wlp4s0 -j MASQUERADE;iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -d 10.3.3.0/24 -o vmbr0 -j MASQUERADE
post-down iptables -t nat -D POSTROUTING -o wlp4s0 -j MASQUERADE; iptables -t nat -D POSTROUTING -d 10.3.3.0/24 -o vmbr0 -j MASQUERADE</code></pre>
</div></div>



<p>上面这个方法可以试试，我没试过，因为我的路由器没有静态路由的功能。所以我只能在pve里装了个win系统虚拟机。然后通过内网穿透实现互联。</p>



<p>参考链接：</p>



<p><a href="https://hjyl.org/go/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuamlhbnNodS5jb20vcC84YzY4NGQxMWJhZjA=" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.jianshu.com/p/8c684d11baf0</a><br><a href="https://hjyl.org/go/aHR0cHM6Ly91bml4LnN0YWNrZXhjaGFuZ2UuY29tL3F1ZXN0aW9ucy8xNzU4MTAvaG93LXRvLWluc3RhbGwtYnJvYWRjb20tYmNtNDM2MC1vbi1kZWJpYW4tb24tbWFjYm9vay1wcm8=" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/175810/how-to-install-broadcom-bcm4360-on-debian-on-macbook-pro</a><br><a href="https://hjyl.org/go/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xpeGlmdW4vYXJ0aWNsZS9kZXRhaWxzLzEyNTQ1MjM4Mg==" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://blog.csdn.net/lixifun/article/details/125452382</a><br><a href="https://hjyl.org/go/aHR0cHM6Ly9jbG91ZC50ZW5jZW50LmNvbS9kZXZlbG9wZXIvYXJ0aWNsZS8xMzc0ODcz" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1374873</a><br><a href="https://hjyl.org/go/aHR0cHM6Ly96aHVhbmxhbi56aGlodS5jb20vcC82NTY2NTI1Nzc=" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/656652577</a><br><a href="https://hjyl.org/go/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2hnX3poaC9hcnRpY2xlL2RldGFpbHMvMTQwNzM0Mjg5" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://blog.csdn.net/hg_zhh/article/details/140734289</a><br><a href="https://hjyl.org/go/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLnNreWp1LmNjL3Bvc3QvcHJveG1veC1pcHY0LW5hdC1pcHY2Lw==" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://blog.skyju.cc/post/proxmox-ipv4-nat-ipv6/</a></p>
<div id="content-copyright"><span style="font-weight:bold;text-shadow:0 1px 0 #ddd;font-size: 13px;">版权声明: </span><span style="font-size: 13px;">本文采用 <a href="https://hjyl.org/go/aHR0cHM6Ly9jcmVhdGl2ZWNvbW1vbnMub3JnL2xpY2Vuc2VzL2J5LW5jLXNhLzMuMC8=" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">BY-NC-SA</a> 协议进行授权，如无注明均为原创，转载请注明转自 <a href="https://hjyl.org">皇家元林</a><br>本文链接: <a rel="bookmark" title="笔记本安装PVE入坑" href="https://hjyl.org/notebook-pve-only-wifi/">笔记本安装PVE入坑</a></span></div>]]></content:encoded>
					
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			<slash:comments>19</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>抢一个阿里云香港服务器</title>
		<link>https://hjyl.org/get-aliyun-hongkong-light-vps/</link>
					<comments>https://hjyl.org/get-aliyun-hongkong-light-vps/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[皇家元林]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 17 Aug 2024 17:39:05 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[元林手札]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[debian]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Python脚本]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[阿里云]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[香港轻量服务器]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://hjyl.org/?p=5253</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[“抢”，为什么要用“抢”呢？因为真的很难买到。估计是在模仿小米的饥饿营销吧。 前几日是在谁那里看到阿里云香港主 [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p>“抢”，为什么要用“抢”呢？因为真的很难买到。估计是在模仿小米的饥饿营销吧。</p>



<p>前几日是在谁那里看到阿里云香港主机，30M带宽，才24元/月，有点心动，了解了一番，才发现是阿里云香港轻量服务器，1G2核1T流量30M带宽（峰值）配置。比起腾讯轻量服务器稍微划算了些。但是基本上都是售罄的状态，每日0点放货。所以手速不快，基本上抢不到。不过我发现GitHub有个抢这个的脚本，基于Python写的，我今晚第一次用就抢到了。</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1674" height="778" src="https://img.hjyl.org/uploads/2024/08/20240818002352.jpg"  class="wp-image-5256" srcset="https://img.hjyl.org/uploads/2024/08/20240818002352.jpg 1674w, https://img.hjyl.org/uploads/2024/08/20240818002352-1536x714.jpg 1536w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1674px) 100vw, 1674px" title="20240818002352.jpg" alt="20240818002352.jpg" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">阿里云香港轻量服务器</figcaption></figure>



<p>自动抢阿里云24元香港轻量服务器脚本：<a href="https://hjyl.org/go/aHR0cHM6Ly9naXRodWIuY29tL3RpeXVzaGVuZy9hbGl5dW5hdXRvbWF0aWNhbGxncmFic2xpZ2h0d2VpZ2h0MjRjbnk=" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">GitHub地址</a>。</p>



<p>下载这个脚本sample.py，修改sample.py 填写以下两个字段： access_key_id='' access_key_secret=''，这在阿里云——AccessKey管理里可以新建得到。</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">阿里云充值</h3>



<p>第一步也是最关键的，就是给阿里云账号充24块钱，这是香港主机一个月的费用，以免自动脚本因为没有付款而订单失败。</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">准备Python环境</h3>



<p>我是在虚拟机上配置的Python环境，第一次弄，基于Debian。Debian 12默认安装了Python 3，可以使用以下命令验证是否已安装：</p>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code lang="bash" class="language-bash line-numbers">python3 --version</code></pre>



<p>如果您看到了Python的版本信息，则表示已成功安装。如果没有安装，则可以使用以下命令安装Python 3：</p>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code lang="bash" class="language-bash line-numbers">apt install python3</code></pre>



<p>然后安装pip，pip是Python的包管理器，用于安装和管理Python软件包。因为这个脚本需要安装阿里云SDK，需要用到pip。您可以使用以下命令在Debian 12上安装pip：</p>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code lang="bash" class="language-bash line-numbers">apt install python3-pip</code></pre>



<p>安装完成后，您可以使用以下命令验证pip是否安装成功：</p>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code lang="bash" class="language-bash line-numbers">pip3 --version</code></pre>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">安装阿里云SDK</h3>



<p>你可以通过运行脚本（python3 sample.py）看到需要的SDK。</p>



<p>第一个是<a href="https://hjyl.org/go/aHR0cHM6Ly9uZXh0LmFwaS5hbGliYWJhY2xvdWQuY29tL2FwaS10b29scy9zZGsvU1dBUy1PUEVOP3ZlcnNpb249MjAyMC0wNi0wMSZhbXA7bGFuZ3VhZ2U9cHl0aG9uLXRlYSZhbXA7dGFiPXByaW1lci1kb2M=" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">alibabacloud_swas_open20200601</a>，通过pip命令安装：</p>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code lang="bash" class="language-bash line-numbers">pip install alibabacloud_swas_open20200601==3.0.0</code></pre>



<p>如果出现下图所示的错误，error: externally-managed-environment，即“外部管理环境”错误，但这不是一个 bug。</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="653" height="424" src="https://img.hjyl.org/uploads/2024/08/20240818005039.jpg"  class="wp-image-5254" title="20240818005039.jpg" alt="20240818005039.jpg" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">error: externally-managed-environment</figcaption></figure>



<p>我的解决方法是简单粗暴——强制删除此警告，回归到熟悉的操作。</p>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code lang="bash" class="language-bash line-numbers">mv /usr/lib/python3.x/EXTERNALLY-MANAGED /usr/lib/python3.x/EXTERNALLY-MANAGED.bk</code></pre>



<p>将 “x” 替换为实际版本。。</p>



<p>还有其他解决方案呢，详细可以参见<a href="https://hjyl.org/go/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cueWFvbG9uZy5uZXQvYXJ0aWNsZS9waXAtZXh0ZXJuYWxseS1tYW5hZ2VkLWVudmlyb25tZW50Lw==" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">这篇文章</a>。</p>



<p>然后你就可以正常安装SDK了。</p>



<p>第二个SDK是alibabacloud_tea_openapi，安装命令：</p>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code lang="bash" class="language-bash line-numbers">pip3 install alibabacloud_tea_openapi</code></pre>



<p>第三个SDK是alibabacloud-tea-console，安装命令：</p>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code lang="bash" class="language-bash line-numbers">pip3 install alibabacloud-tea-console</code></pre>



<p>然后你在运行脚本就会出现售罄的信息，那说明SDK组件都安装成功了。</p>



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
<p>python3 sample.py<br>code: 400, 该套餐每日限量售卖，当日售出量已达上限，如有需求请次日购买 request id:......................................</p>
</blockquote>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">定时脚本</h3>



<p>通过crontab –e将脚本添加到定时任务里，设置每日0点运行任务即可。</p>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code lang="vim" class="language-vim line-numbers">0 0 * * * python3 /root/sample.py</code></pre>



<p>然后service cron restart重启定时任务，service cron status查看任务状态。</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="756" height="211" src="https://img.hjyl.org/uploads/2024/08/20240818011336.jpg"  class="wp-image-5255" title="20240818011336.jpg" alt="20240818011336.jpg" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">定时任务状态</figcaption></figure>



<p>OK，大功告成！剩下的就等待下一个0点凯旋的消息吧！</p>



<p>那么你的阿里云香港服务器是通过什么方式买的呢？</p>



<p>我也简单SFTP上传和下载以及SSH测试了下上传和下载的速度，不知道是不是因为现在这个点比较闲，峰值很高。</p>



<figure class="wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-5 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex">
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="646" height="54" data-id="5257" src="https://img.hjyl.org/uploads/2024/08/20240818002029.jpg"  class="wp-image-5257" title="20240818002029.jpg" alt="20240818002029.jpg" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">sftp上传速度</figcaption></figure>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="653" height="61" data-id="5258" src="https://img.hjyl.org/uploads/2024/08/20240818012106.jpg"  class="wp-image-5258" title="20240818012106.jpg" alt="20240818012106.jpg" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">sftp下载速度</figcaption></figure>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="615" height="635" data-id="5259" src="https://img.hjyl.org/uploads/2024/08/20240818003124.jpg"  class="wp-image-5259" title="20240818003124.jpg" alt="20240818003124.jpg" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">wget速度</figcaption></figure>
</figure>



<p>网上有人测评，说阿里云香港服务器线路不是很好，还不如新加坡线路快。我先用一个月试试。如果不满意还是可以退款。毕竟这么抢手的东西，我想也不会差很多。我唯一不满意的就是有流量限制，我买服务器就不喜欢限制流量。目前没有想到用它来做什么，不过既然是香港主机，通过它看向世界还是不错的路径，嘎嘎。</p>
<div id="content-copyright"><span style="font-weight:bold;text-shadow:0 1px 0 #ddd;font-size: 13px;">版权声明: </span><span style="font-size: 13px;">本文采用 <a href="https://hjyl.org/go/aHR0cHM6Ly9jcmVhdGl2ZWNvbW1vbnMub3JnL2xpY2Vuc2VzL2J5LW5jLXNhLzMuMC8=" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">BY-NC-SA</a> 协议进行授权，如无注明均为原创，转载请注明转自 <a href="https://hjyl.org">皇家元林</a><br>本文链接: <a rel="bookmark" title="抢一个阿里云香港服务器" href="https://hjyl.org/get-aliyun-hongkong-light-vps/">抢一个阿里云香港服务器</a></span></div>]]></content:encoded>
					
					<wfw:commentRss>https://hjyl.org/get-aliyun-hongkong-light-vps/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>26</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>记录这几天折腾的东西</title>
		<link>https://hjyl.org/aliyun-ecs-frp-emby-aliyundrive/</link>
					<comments>https://hjyl.org/aliyun-ecs-frp-emby-aliyundrive/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[皇家元林]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 09 Nov 2023 11:59:02 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[元林手札]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[alist]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[debian]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[emby]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[frp]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[IPTV]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[rclone]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[webdav]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[内网穿透]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[刮削]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[阿里云双十一活动]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[阿里云盘]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://hjyl.org/?p=4754</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[#前言 今天如果有人访问我的博客，你会发现大部分时间无法访问，不止我的博客，我服务器上所有站点都无法访问，后来 [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<h3 class="wp-block-heading">#前言</h3>



<p>今天如果有人访问我的博客，你会发现大部分时间无法访问，不止我的博客，我服务器上所有站点都无法访问，后来就断断续续能访问，再后来就正常了。对此，我向影响到你使用体验不佳的朋友们说声抱歉。这几天折腾了不少东西，脑子都快不够用了，赶紧整理整理。</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">#换服务器</h3>



<p>是的，又换服务器了。</p>



<p>今天早上一起床，第一件事就是备份插着移动硬盘的笔记本里的网站数据，是的，那个移动服务器现在插在笔记本上了。其实这件事昨晚就该干了，太困了睡着了。几天前我买了块M.2 sata3 2280固态，二手的，就是给<a href="https://hjyl.org/mini-computer-of-1111/">小主机</a>当系统盘的。测试了几天，小主机很稳定，于是趁今天休息，把服务器转移过来。本地备份和拷贝数据是非常快的，再加上我配置的shell命令，完全可以自动化部署。从此Linux不再用虚拟机了。</p>



<p>11点多的时候，收到一份邮件——阿里云双十一活动，2G2核心3M只需99元/年，可同价续费三年。于是我更兴奋了。直接拿下。其实这跟之前我买的<a href="https://hjyl.org/aliyun-light-server/">轻量服务器</a>配置差不多，而这款主机的带宽是固定带宽，价格更是没有可比性，还免费分配IPv6，只是我感觉这IPv6是内网地址，跟我电脑上分配的IPv6一样，公网访问不了。配置完新服务器，我就把轻量云给退了，退款按天计算。</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><a href="https://img.hjyl.org/uploads/2023/11/20231109123026.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1684" height="301" src="https://img.hjyl.org/uploads/2023/11/20231109123026.jpg"  class="wp-image-4755" srcset="https://img.hjyl.org/uploads/2023/11/20231109123026.jpg 1684w, https://img.hjyl.org/uploads/2023/11/20231109123026-1536x275.jpg 1536w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1684px) 100vw, 1684px" title="20231109123026.jpg" alt="20231109123026.jpg" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">轻量云退款</figcaption></figure>



<p>话说这个退款也不容易找，服务器管理界面连退款按钮都容不下。后来Bing了一下，找到<a href="https://hjyl.org/go/aHR0cHM6Ly9oZWxwLmFsaXl1bi5jb20vemgvc2ltcGxlLWFwcGxpY2F0aW9uLXNlcnZlci9wcm9kdWN0LW92ZXJ2aWV3L3JlZnVuZHM=" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">阿里云的产品文档</a>，拉到底，有个<a href="https://hjyl.org/go/aHR0cHM6Ly91c2VyY2VudGVyMi5hbGl5dW4uY29tL3JlZnVuZC8=" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">登录阿里云退订管理</a>页面，点进去就看见了。好了，又省了一大笔巨款。</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">#frp内网穿透更新换代</h3>



<p>很久没管frp了，一个版本用着还很稳定，稳定到你都快忘了它。前几天突然发现frp官方文档和往常不一样，我才知道frp更新换代了，从0.52.0版本开始使用新的配置文件（TOML、YAML 和 JSON），老配置文件.ini截止到0.51.3版本。新版本的配置我折腾了一下午，这就是为什么今天我的博客大部分时间无法访问的原因了。它其实不难，可能一开始不适应，我就适应了一下午。基本上可以满足我当前的需求了。其中让我一眼看中的功能就是它支持配置拆分（includes），好比nginx各主机的配置文件.conf一样，需要哪个配置哪个，不需要删文件重启服务就好了。</p>



<p>配置参考完整版<a href="https://hjyl.org/go/aHR0cHM6Ly9naXRodWIuY29tL2ZhdGVkaWVyL2ZycC9ibG9iL2Rldi9jb25mL2ZycHNfZnVsbF9leGFtcGxlLnRvbWw=" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">frps_full_example.toml</a>和<a href="https://hjyl.org/go/aHR0cHM6Ly9naXRodWIuY29tL2ZhdGVkaWVyL2ZycC9ibG9iL2Rldi9jb25mL2ZycGNfZnVsbF9leGFtcGxlLnRvbWw=" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">frpc_full_example</a>，如果不能访问GitHub，可以看下面，怎么样，是不是很细。</p>



<p><strong>frps.toml完整配置：</strong></p>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code lang="toml" class="language-toml line-numbers"># This configuration file is for reference only. Please do not use this configuration directly to run the program as it may have various issues.

# A literal address or host name for IPv6 must be enclosed
# in square brackets, as in "[::1]:80", "[ipv6-host]:http" or "[ipv6-host%zone]:80"
# For single "bindAddr" field, no need square brackets, like `bindAddr = "::"`.
bindAddr = "0.0.0.0"
bindPort = 7000

# udp port used for kcp protocol, it can be same with 'bindPort'.
# if not set, kcp is disabled in frps.
kcpBindPort = 7000

# udp port used for quic protocol.
# if not set, quic is disabled in frps.
# quicBindPort = 7002

# Specify which address proxy will listen for, default value is same with bindAddr
# proxyBindAddr = "127.0.0.1"

# quic protocol options
# transport.quic.keepalivePeriod = 10
# transport.quic.maxIdleTimeout = 30
# transport.quic.maxIncomingStreams = 100000

# Heartbeat configure, it's not recommended to modify the default value
# The default value of heartbeatTimeout is 90. Set negative value to disable it.
# transport.heartbeatTimeout = 90

# Pool count in each proxy will keep no more than maxPoolCount.
transport.maxPoolCount = 5

# If tcp stream multiplexing is used, default is true
# transport.tcpMux = true

# Specify keep alive interval for tcp mux.
# only valid if tcpMux is true.
# transport.tcpMuxKeepaliveInterval = 60

# tcpKeepalive specifies the interval between keep-alive probes for an active network connection between frpc and frps.
# If negative, keep-alive probes are disabled.
# transport.tcpKeepalive = 7200

# transport.tls.force specifies whether to only accept TLS-encrypted connections. By default, the value is false.
tls.force = false

# transport.tls.certFile = "server.crt"
# transport.tls.keyFile = "server.key"
# transport.tls.trustedCaFile = "ca.crt"

# If you want to support virtual host, you must set the http port for listening (optional)
# Note: http port and https port can be same with bindPort
vhostHTTPPort = 80
vhostHTTPSPort = 443

# Response header timeout(seconds) for vhost http server, default is 60s
# vhostHTTPTimeout = 60

# tcpmuxHTTPConnectPort specifies the port that the server listens for TCP
# HTTP CONNECT requests. If the value is 0, the server will not multiplex TCP
# requests on one single port. If it's not - it will listen on this value for
# HTTP CONNECT requests. By default, this value is 0.
# tcpmuxHTTPConnectPort = 1337

# If tcpmuxPassthrough is true, frps won't do any update on traffic.
# tcpmuxPassthrough = false

# Configure the web server to enable the dashboard for frps.
# dashboard is available only if webServer.port is set.
webServer.addr = "127.0.0.1"
webServer.port = 7500
webServer.user = "admin"
webServer.password = "admin"
# webServer.tls.certFile = "server.crt"
# webServer.tls.keyFile = "server.key"
# dashboard assets directory(only for debug mode)
# webServer.assetsDir = "./static"

# Enable golang pprof handlers in dashboard listener.
# Dashboard port must be set first
webServer.pprofEnable = false

# enablePrometheus will export prometheus metrics on webServer in /metrics api.
enablePrometheus = true

# console or real logFile path like ./frps.log
log.to = "./frps.log"
# trace, debug, info, warn, error
log.level = "info"
log.maxDays = 3
# disable log colors when log.to is console, default is false
log.disablePrintColor = false

# DetailedErrorsToClient defines whether to send the specific error (with debug info) to frpc. By default, this value is true.
detailedErrorsToClient = true

# auth.method specifies what authentication method to use authenticate frpc with frps.
# If "token" is specified - token will be read into login message.
# If "oidc" is specified - OIDC (Open ID Connect) token will be issued using OIDC settings. By default, this value is "token".
auth.method = "token"

# auth.additionalScopes specifies additional scopes to include authentication information.
# Optional values are HeartBeats, NewWorkConns.
# auth.additionalScopes = ["HeartBeats", "NewWorkConns"]

# auth token
auth.token = "12345678"

# oidc issuer specifies the issuer to verify OIDC tokens with.
auth.oidc.issuer = ""
# oidc audience specifies the audience OIDC tokens should contain when validated.
auth.oidc.audience = ""
# oidc skipExpiryCheck specifies whether to skip checking if the OIDC token is expired.
auth.oidc.skipExpiryCheck = false
# oidc skipIssuerCheck specifies whether to skip checking if the OIDC token's issuer claim matches the issuer specified in OidcIssuer.
auth.oidc.skipIssuerCheck = false

# userConnTimeout specifies the maximum time to wait for a work connection.
# userConnTimeout = 10

# Only allow frpc to bind ports you list. By default, there won't be any limit.
allowPorts = [
  { start = 2000, end = 3000 },
  { single = 3001 },
  { single = 3003 },
  { start = 4000, end = 50000 }
]

# Max ports can be used for each client, default value is 0 means no limit
maxPortsPerClient = 0

# If subDomainHost is not empty, you can set subdomain when type is http or https in frpc's configure file
# When subdomain is est, the host used by routing is test.frps.com
subDomainHost = "frps.com"

# custom 404 page for HTTP requests
# custom404Page = "/path/to/404.html"

# specify udp packet size, unit is byte. If not set, the default value is 1500.
# This parameter should be same between client and server.
# It affects the udp and sudp proxy.
udpPacketSize = 1500

# Retention time for NAT hole punching strategy data.
natholeAnalysisDataReserveHours = 168

[[httpPlugins]]
name = "user-manager"
addr = "127.0.0.1:9000"
path = "/handler"
ops = ["Login"]

[[httpPlugins]]
name = "port-manager"
addr = "127.0.0.1:9001"
path = "/handler"
ops = ["NewProxy"]</code></pre>



<p><strong>frpc.toml完整配置文件：</strong></p>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code lang="toml" class="language-toml line-numbers"># This configuration file is for reference only. Please do not use this configuration directly to run the program as it may have various issues.

# your proxy name will be changed to {user}.{proxy}
user = "your_name"

# A literal address or host name for IPv6 must be enclosed
# in square brackets, as in "[::1]:80", "[ipv6-host]:http" or "[ipv6-host%zone]:80"
# For single serverAddr field, no need square brackets, like serverAddr = "::".
serverAddr = "0.0.0.0"
serverPort = 7000

# STUN server to help penetrate NAT hole.
# natHoleStunServer = "stun.easyvoip.com:3478"

# Decide if exit program when first login failed, otherwise continuous relogin to frps
# default is true
loginFailExit = true

# console or real logFile path like ./frpc.log
log.to = "./frpc.log"
# trace, debug, info, warn, error
log.level = "info"
log.maxDays = 3
# disable log colors when log.to is console, default is false
log.disablePrintColor = false

auth.method = "token"
# auth.additionalScopes specifies additional scopes to include authentication information.
# Optional values are HeartBeats, NewWorkConns.
# auth.additionalScopes = ["HeartBeats", "NewWorkConns"]

# auth token
auth.token = "12345678"

# oidc.clientID specifies the client ID to use to get a token in OIDC authentication.
# auth.oidc.clientID = ""
# oidc.clientSecret specifies the client secret to use to get a token in OIDC authentication.
# auth.oidc.clientSecret = ""
# oidc.audience specifies the audience of the token in OIDC authentication.
# auth.oidc.audience = ""
# oidc.scope specifies the permisssions of the token in OIDC authentication if AuthenticationMethod == "oidc". By default, this value is "".
# auth.oidc.scope = ""
# oidc.tokenEndpointURL specifies the URL which implements OIDC Token Endpoint.
# It will be used to get an OIDC token.
# auth.oidc.tokenEndpointURL = ""

# oidc.additionalEndpointParams specifies additional parameters to be sent to the OIDC Token Endpoint.
# For example, if you want to specify the "audience" parameter, you can set as follow.
# frp will add "audience=&lt;value&gt;" "var1=&lt;value&gt;" to the additional parameters.
# auth.oidc.additionalEndpointParams.audience = "https://dev.auth.com/api/v2/"
# auth.oidc.additionalEndpointParams.var1 = "foobar"

# Set admin address for control frpc's action by http api such as reload
webServer.addr = "127.0.0.1"
webServer.port = 7400
webServer.user = "admin"
webServer.password = "admin"
# Admin assets directory. By default, these assets are bundled with frpc.
# webServer.assetsDir = "./static"

# Enable golang pprof handlers in admin listener.
webServer.pprofEnable = false

# The maximum amount of time a dial to server will wait for a connect to complete. Default value is 10 seconds.
# transport.dialServerTimeout = 10

# dialServerKeepalive specifies the interval between keep-alive probes for an active network connection between frpc and frps.
# If negative, keep-alive probes are disabled.
# transport.dialServerKeepalive = 7200

# connections will be established in advance, default value is zero
transport.poolCount = 5

# If tcp stream multiplexing is used, default is true, it must be same with frps
# transport.tcpMux = true

# Specify keep alive interval for tcp mux.
# only valid if tcpMux is enabled.
# transport.tcpMuxKeepaliveInterval = 60

# Communication protocol used to connect to server
# supports tcp, kcp, quic, websocket and wss now, default is tcp
transport.protocol = "tcp"

# set client binding ip when connect server, default is empty.
# only when protocol = tcp or websocket, the value will be used.
transport.connectServerLocalIP = "0.0.0.0"

# if you want to connect frps by http proxy or socks5 proxy or ntlm proxy, you can set proxyURL here or in global environment variables
# it only works when protocol is tcp
# transport.proxyURL = "http://user:passwd@192.168.1.128:8080"
# transport.proxyURL = "socks5://user:passwd@192.168.1.128:1080"
# transport.proxyURL = "ntlm://user:passwd@192.168.1.128:2080"

# quic protocol options
# transport.quic.keepalivePeriod = 10
# transport.quic.maxIdleTimeout = 30
# transport.quic.maxIncomingStreams = 100000

# If tls.enable is true, frpc will connect frps by tls.
# Since v0.50.0, the default value has been changed to true, and tls is enabled by default.
transport.tls.enable = true

# transport.tls.certFile = "client.crt"
# transport.tls.keyFile = "client.key"
# transport.tls.trustedCaFile = "ca.crt"
# transport.tls.serverName = "example.com"

# If the disableCustomTLSFirstByte is set to false, frpc will establish a connection with frps using the
# first custom byte when tls is enabled.
# Since v0.50.0, the default value has been changed to true, and the first custom byte is disabled by default.
# transport.tls.disableCustomTLSFirstByte = true

# Heartbeat configure, it's not recommended to modify the default value.
# The default value of heartbeatInterval is 10 and heartbeatTimeout is 90. Set negative value
# to disable it.
# transport.heartbeatInterval = 30
# transport.heartbeatTimeout = 90

# Specify a dns server, so frpc will use this instead of default one
# dnsServer = "8.8.8.8"

# Proxy names you want to start.
# Default is empty, means all proxies.
# start = ["ssh", "dns"]

# Specify udp packet size, unit is byte. If not set, the default value is 1500.
# This parameter should be same between client and server.
# It affects the udp and sudp proxy.
udpPacketSize = 1500

# Additional metadatas for client.
metadatas.var1 = "abc"
metadatas.var2 = "123"

# Include other config files for proxies.
# includes = ["./confd/*.ini"]

[[proxies]]
# 'ssh' is the unique proxy name
# If global user is not empty, it will be changed to {user}.{proxy} such as 'your_name.ssh'
name = "ssh"
type = "tcp"
localIP = "127.0.0.1"
localPort = 22
# Limit bandwidth for this proxy, unit is KB and MB
transport.bandwidthLimit = "1MB"
# Where to limit bandwidth, can be 'client' or 'server', default is 'client'
transport.bandwidthLimitMode = "client"
# If true, traffic of this proxy will be encrypted, default is false
transport.useEncryption = false
# If true, traffic will be compressed
transport.useCompression = false
# Remote port listen by frps
remotePort = 6001
# frps will load balancing connections for proxies in same group
loadBalancer.group = "test_group"
# group should have same group key
loadBalancer.groupKey = "123456"
# Enable health check for the backend service, it supports 'tcp' and 'http' now.
# frpc will connect local service's port to detect it's healthy status
healthCheck.type = "tcp"
# Health check connection timeout
healthCheck.timeoutSeconds = 3
# If continuous failed in 3 times, the proxy will be removed from frps
healthCheck.maxFailed = 3
# every 10 seconds will do a health check
healthCheck.intervalSeconds = 10
# additional meta info for each proxy
metadatas.var1 = "abc"
metadatas.var2 = "123"

[[proxies]]
name = "ssh_random"
type = "tcp"
localIP = "192.168.31.100"
localPort = 22
# If remotePort is 0, frps will assign a random port for you
remotePort = 0

[[proxies]]
name = "dns"
type = "udp"
localIP = "114.114.114.114"
localPort = 53
remotePort = 6002

# Resolve your domain names to [serverAddr] so you can use http://web01.yourdomain.com to browse web01 and http://web02.yourdomain.com to browse web02
[[proxies]]
name = "web01"
type = "http"
localIP = "127.0.0.1"
localPort = 80
# http username and password are safety certification for http protocol
# if not set, you can access this customDomains without certification
httpUser = "admin"
httpPassword = "admin"
# if domain for frps is frps.com, then you can access [web01] proxy by URL http://web01.frps.com
subdomain = "web01"
customDomains = ["web01.yourdomain.com"]
# locations is only available for http type
locations = ["/", "/pic"]
# route requests to this service if http basic auto user is abc
# routeByHTTPUser = abc
hostHeaderRewrite = "example.com"
requestHeaders.set.x-from-where = "frp"
healthCheck.type = "http"
# frpc will send a GET http request '/status' to local http service
# http service is alive when it return 2xx http response code
healthCheck.path = "/status"
healthCheck.intervalSeconds = 10
healthCheck.maxFailed = 3
healthCheck.timeoutSeconds = 3

[[proxies]]
name = "web02"
type = "https"
localIP = "127.0.0.1"
localPort = 8000
subdomain = "web02"
customDomains = ["web02.yourdomain.com"]
# if not empty, frpc will use proxy protocol to transfer connection info to your local service
# v1 or v2 or empty
transport.proxyProtocolVersion = "v2"

[[proxies]]
name = "tcpmuxhttpconnect"
type = "tcpmux"
multiplexer = "httpconnect"
localIP = "127.0.0.1"
localPort = 10701
customDomains = ["tunnel1"]
# routeByHTTPUser = "user1"

[[proxies]]
name = "plugin_unix_domain_socket"
type = "tcp"
remotePort = 6003
# if plugin is defined, localIP and localPort is useless
# plugin will handle connections got from frps
[proxies.plugin]
type = "unix_domain_socket"
unixPath = "/var/run/docker.sock"

[[proxies]]
name = "plugin_http_proxy"
type = "tcp"
remotePort = 6004
[proxies.plugin]
type = "http_proxy"
httpUser = "abc"
httpPassword = "abc"

[[proxies]]
name = "plugin_socks5"
type = "tcp"
remotePort = 6005
[proxies.plugin]
type = "socks5"
username = "abc"
password = "abc"

[[proxies]]
name = "plugin_static_file"
type = "tcp"
remotePort = 6006
[proxies.plugin]
type = "static_file"
localPath = "/var/www/blog"
stripPrefix = "static"
httpUser = "abc"
httpPassword = "abc"

[[proxies]]
name = "plugin_https2http"
type = "https"
customDomains = ["test.yourdomain.com"]
[proxies.plugin]
type = "https2http"
localAddr = "127.0.0.1:80"
crtPath = "./server.crt"
keyPath = "./server.key"
hostHeaderRewrite = "127.0.0.1"
requestHeaders.set.x-from-where = "frp"

[[proxies]]
name = "plugin_https2https"
type = "https"
customDomains = ["test.yourdomain.com"]
[proxies.plugin]
type = "https2https"
localAddr = "127.0.0.1:443"
crtPath = "./server.crt"
keyPath = "./server.key"
hostHeaderRewrite = "127.0.0.1"
requestHeaders.set.x-from-where = "frp"

[[proxies]]
name = "plugin_http2https"
type = "http"
customDomains = ["test.yourdomain.com"]
[proxies.plugin]
type = "http2https"
localAddr = "127.0.0.1:443"
hostHeaderRewrite = "127.0.0.1"
requestHeaders.set.x-from-where = "frp"

[[proxies]]
name = "secret_tcp"
# If the type is secret tcp, remotePort is useless
# Who want to connect local port should deploy another frpc with stcp proxy and role is visitor
type = "stcp"
# secretKey is used for authentication for visitors
secretKey = "abcdefg"
localIP = "127.0.0.1"
localPort = 22
# If not empty, only visitors from specified users can connect.
# Otherwise, visitors from same user can connect. '*' means allow all users.
allowUsers = ["*"]

[[proxies]]
name = "p2p_tcp"
type = "xtcp"
secretKey = "abcdefg"
localIP = "127.0.0.1"
localPort = 22
# If not empty, only visitors from specified users can connect.
# Otherwise, visitors from same user can connect. '*' means allow all users.
allowUsers = ["user1", "user2"]

# frpc role visitor -&gt; frps -&gt; frpc role server
[[visitors]]
name = "secret_tcp_visitor"
type = "stcp"
# the server name you want to visitor
serverName = "secret_tcp"
secretKey = "abcdefg"
# connect this address to visitor stcp server
bindAddr = "127.0.0.1"
# bindPort can be less than 0, it means don't bind to the port and only receive connections redirected from
# other visitors. (This is not supported for SUDP now)
bindPort = 9000

[[visitors]]
name = "p2p_tcp_visitor"
type = "xtcp"
# if the server user is not set, it defaults to the current user
serverUser = "user1"
serverName = "p2p_tcp"
secretKey = "abcdefg"
bindAddr = "127.0.0.1"
# bindPort can be less than 0, it means don't bind to the port and only receive connections redirected from
# other visitors. (This is not supported for SUDP now)
bindPort = 9001
# when automatic tunnel persistence is required, set it to true
keepTunnelOpen = false
# effective when keepTunnelOpen is set to true, the number of attempts to punch through per hour
maxRetriesAnHour = 8
minRetryInterval = 90
# fallbackTo = "stcp_visitor"
# fallbackTimeoutMs = 500</code></pre>



<p>相比老版本，差距还是很大的，如果不需要什么新功能或者懒得折腾，我建议老版本也是一样的。</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">#emby刮削阿里云盘影视</h3>



<p>这几天折腾最多的就是它——emby，这也是受<a href="https://hjyl.org/go/aHR0cHM6Ly96aHVqaWFubGluLmNvbQ==" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">老朱</a>的影响，之前感觉看电影的时间不是很多，也用不着搭建个服务这么麻烦。刚看完了神鬼八阵图，在电脑前看电脑，上厕所、洗澡、烧菜看手机或者平板，每次切换好麻烦，于是就想搭建个emby，这样各种设备就可以无缝衔接了。</p>



<p>影视资源阿里云盘用的多，有人说百度网盘也不少，它那速度我早放弃了，你有会员你牛逼。阿里云盘看个1080P电影还是很流畅的。所以我想法是这样的：将阿里云盘通过webdav挂载到Linux服务器上，emby直接加wendav里的资源就可以了。以前用的nas，docker，很简单，鼠标点点就可以了。如今要在Linux服务器上实现，基本上全是命令符了。现在Linux用的是Debian。因为它对lnmp最友好，系统也比较省资源。</p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">##挂载webdav</h4>



<p>挂载webdav我用rclone，这个应该是最简单方便的把（系统自带的mount.davfs也可以挂载，只是emby不能访问）。安装一条命令：</p>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code lang="bash" class="language-bash line-numbers">curl https://rclone.org/install.sh | sudo bash</code></pre>



<p>配置用rclone config命令，主要就是name、url、user、password填好即可，一步步来就可以了。</p>



<p>最后关键是挂载阿里云盘的命令。</p>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code lang="bash" class="language-bash line-numbers">rclone mount 远程名称:/ 本地挂载路径 --cache-dir /tmp --allow-other --vfs-cache-mode writes --header "Referer:https://www.aliyundrive.com/drive"</code></pre>



<p>譬如：</p>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code lang="bash" class="language-bash line-numbers">rclone mount alist:/ /mnt/alist --cache-dir /tmp --allow-other --vfs-cache-mode writes --header "Referer:https://www.aliyundrive.com/drive"</code></pre>



<p>没错，远程名称就是rclone config配置的name，本地挂载路径随你自己选择，不过事先建好文件夹即可。</p>



<p>然后来个开机自启。</p>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code lang="bash" class="language-bash line-numbers">#将加粗的部分改成你的，然后整段代码扔进ssh里，回车；
command="mount <strong>alist</strong>:/ <strong>/home/alist</strong> --cache-dir /tmp --allow-other --vfs-cache-mode writes --header "Referer:https://www.aliyundrive.com/drive""
cat &gt; /etc/systemd/system/rclone.service &lt;&lt;EOF
[Unit]
Description=Rclone
After=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=simple
ExecStart=$(command -v rclone) ${command}
Restart=on-abort
User=root

[Install]
WantedBy=default.target
EOF</code></pre>



<p>webdav最简单的搭建就是alist了，它既能添加绝大部分网盘资源，又能自动搭建webdav服务，确实是我见过最强大的网盘整合工具了。听说天翼网盘和中国移动网盘都是不限速的，做电影盘最好了。</p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">##安装emby</h4>



<p><a href="https://hjyl.org/go/aHR0cHM6Ly9lbWJ5Lm1lZGlhLw==" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">emby官网</a>下载对应的Debian安装包.deb，然后使用一条命令安装成功：</p>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code lang="bash" class="language-bash line-numbers">dpkg -i emby-server-deb_4.7.14.0_amd64.deb</code></pre>



<p>然后你就可以通过IP:8096访问到emby了。</p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">##刮削阿里云影视资源</h4>



<p>刮削这个活真不好做，我是折腾了好几天都没刮干净。你也可以搜索现成刮削好的网盘资源。刮削最关键的一步就是整理好资源的格式。iOS系统有一款软件叫VidHub，目前免费，干净无广告，可以连接阿里云盘，直接刮削阿里云盘的影视，只是刮削的数据只在播放器里使用。我最欣赏的是它对文件命名规则的整理。</p>



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
<p><a href="https://hjyl.org/go/aHR0cHM6Ly96aC5va2FhcHBzLmNvbS9ibG9nLzY0ZmFkYWFkOTQ4MDA5MjA2YzU2MjhkYw==" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">VidHub媒体库文件命名规则</a></p>
<cite>1 - 电影文件名以影片的完整名字开头(中英文均可)，后面带上其他相关的文件信息。<br>​ The.Irishman.爱尔兰人.2019.1080p.x264.mp4<br>2 - 电视剧分集文件名以剧名开头(同一部剧所有分集文件开头的剧名保持一致，中英文均可)，后面必须跟上季和集的信息(S01E01/第一季第一集)。<br>​ Shameless.无耻之徒.S01E01.1080p.AMZN.WEB-DL.mkv<br>​ Shameless.无耻之徒.S03E03.720p.AMZN.WEB-DL.mkv<br>补充：因为emby的规则电视剧文件夹的结构是这样的：<br>           神鬼八阵图(2006) \ Season 1 \ 神鬼八阵图.S01E01.1080p.AVC1.AC.mp4<br>3 - 电视剧花絮、特别篇文件名以剧名开头，后面的季数信息必须设置为0，并指定集数(S00E01)。<br>​ Shameless.无耻之徒.S00E01.Sneak Peek.1080p.AMZN.mkv</cite></blockquote>



<p>老朱介绍了一款TMM——<a href="https://hjyl.org/go/aHR0cHM6Ly96aHVqaWFubGluLmNvbS9teXdvcmsvMzk1Lmh0bWw=" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">tinyMediaManager软件</a>，4.x版本不建议用，有限制收费。不过破解论坛里有不限制版本，我用过，不知道是不是姿势不对，看不到刮削的状态，看着干着急就放弃了。软件不错，只是资源不好弄，themoviedb资源时好时坏，不好刮削。需要的朋友可以看看他的方法。</p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">##介绍两个好东西</h4>



<p>IPTV直播源：https://live.fanmingming.com/</p>



<p>阿里云网盘搜索工具：https://www.upyunso.com</p>



<p>好了，这几天折腾的东西都整理好了，满满的干货有没有。</p>
<div id="content-copyright"><span style="font-weight:bold;text-shadow:0 1px 0 #ddd;font-size: 13px;">版权声明: </span><span style="font-size: 13px;">本文采用 <a href="https://hjyl.org/go/aHR0cHM6Ly9jcmVhdGl2ZWNvbW1vbnMub3JnL2xpY2Vuc2VzL2J5LW5jLXNhLzMuMC8=" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">BY-NC-SA</a> 协议进行授权，如无注明均为原创，转载请注明转自 <a href="https://hjyl.org">皇家元林</a><br>本文链接: <a rel="bookmark" title="记录这几天折腾的东西" href="https://hjyl.org/aliyun-ecs-frp-emby-aliyundrive/">记录这几天折腾的东西</a></span></div>]]></content:encoded>
					
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			<slash:comments>15</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>家里搭载服务器</title>
		<link>https://hjyl.org/debian-lnmp-ngrok/</link>
					<comments>https://hjyl.org/debian-lnmp-ngrok/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[皇家元林]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 15 Sep 2020 03:20:41 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[生活点滴]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[debian]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[LNMP]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[内网穿透]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[服务器]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://hjyl.org/?p=3899</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[昨天把我十几年前大学时代用的笔记本安装上了debian系统，搭载lnmp环境，并通过免费的内网穿透将liuyu [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>昨天把我十几年前大学时代用的笔记本安装上了debian系统，搭载lnmp环境，并通过免费的内网穿透将liuyuanlin.com部署在上面，还加了SSL证书，除了速度慢，其他感觉还好。有没有更好的内网穿透？请及时告诉我！^ω^</p>
<div id="content-copyright"><span style="font-weight:bold;text-shadow:0 1px 0 #ddd;font-size: 13px;">版权声明: </span><span style="font-size: 13px;">本文采用 <a href="https://hjyl.org/go/aHR0cHM6Ly9jcmVhdGl2ZWNvbW1vbnMub3JnL2xpY2Vuc2VzL2J5LW5jLXNhLzMuMC8=" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">BY-NC-SA</a> 协议进行授权，如无注明均为原创，转载请注明转自 <a href="https://hjyl.org">皇家元林</a><br />本文链接: <a rel="bookmark" title="家里搭载服务器" href="https://hjyl.org/debian-lnmp-ngrok/">家里搭载服务器</a></span></div>
]]></content:encoded>
					
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			</item>
		<item>
		<title>太尼玛折腾了</title>
		<link>https://hjyl.org/fuck-zheteng/</link>
					<comments>https://hjyl.org/fuck-zheteng/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[皇家元林]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 28 Jun 2013 16:05:33 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[生活点滴]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[centos]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[debian]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[LNMP]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ubuntu]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[vps]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[备案]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[数据库]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://hjyl.org/?p=2576</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[从国外到国内，再回到国外。折腾了一个圈。]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>我又回来了，我又“出国”了，我又可以同步网志到空间里来了。在前面的网志——<a title="滚回国内" href="http://hjyl.org/lets-fuck-gfw-again/" target="_blank">滚回国内</a>中提到这段时间发生的事。G.F.W很强大，不得不承认，很多人遭其毒手。看到其他博友反映，这次G.F.W对443端口进行一次大规模扫荡，尤其是安装了StartSSL的。于是我中招了。</p>
<p>不是针对我，只是我不走运而已。不然不会只是封IP那么简单了。不过不知道怎么回事？我把VPS重装一下就好了(不过这已是一个星期之后的事了)！然后向空间商反映，并换了个美国西岸的线路，看，速度是不是快多了？</p>
<p>然而又碰巧lnmp1.0发布，迫不及待体验了一下，但是怎么装也装不上去。今天换了ubuntu和centos才知道，是debian的源问题。debian+lnmp一直是最佳的搭档，放在128M VPS上非常流畅。而ubuntu一下子就把内存沾满了。目前在centos，迫不得已为之，介于ubuntu和debian之间吧！</p>
<p>感觉回来了。当我买了国内空间，我就知道我一定会后悔。确实，2M带宽的速度非常不错，但是除了是Linux空间，其缺陷一大堆。不能上传超过2M的数据库，备份数据库经常出错，数据库编码有问题，空间控制面板垃圾，还得用IE浏览器才能提交备案，是，本想本本分分备个案，却被打回来了，理由博客不能备案，好吧，我放一个页面，还是被打回来，理由是网站名称不能包含人名，好吧，我再改，还是被打回来，理由是必须要接入商的背景拍照，不可以PS。你丫的大爷！这个我非常不满，以前身份证就可以了，现在还得拍照，又不是劳改，搞的跟犯人似的。你说连身份证都证明不了身份了，还要它有何用？</p>
<p>一气之下，我就把被强的VPS重装了系统，嘿，好了，奇迹了！于是我立马要求换空间，这样速度快些，也稳定些。空间商很爽快的把事儿漂亮的办了。只可惜卡在lnmp这里了，不过没关系，现在centos用的挺好。现在多好，再大的数据备份和恢复都不是难事，几个VPS之间可以互相备份，这样除非所有的VPS都挂掉，不然数据万无一失了！</p>
<p>正所谓魔高一尺，道高一丈。而我还会继续努力，使劲折腾。若有神阻，我必将神消灭！若有佛挡，我必将佛诛杀！挺起！</p>
<div id="content-copyright"><span style="font-weight:bold;text-shadow:0 1px 0 #ddd;font-size: 13px;">版权声明: </span><span style="font-size: 13px;">本文采用 <a href="https://hjyl.org/go/aHR0cHM6Ly9jcmVhdGl2ZWNvbW1vbnMub3JnL2xpY2Vuc2VzL2J5LW5jLXNhLzMuMC8=" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">BY-NC-SA</a> 协议进行授权，如无注明均为原创，转载请注明转自 <a href="https://hjyl.org">皇家元林</a><br />本文链接: <a rel="bookmark" title="太尼玛折腾了" href="https://hjyl.org/fuck-zheteng/">太尼玛折腾了</a></span></div>
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		<title>ubuntu世界</title>
		<link>https://hjyl.org/ubuntu-world/</link>
					<comments>https://hjyl.org/ubuntu-world/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[皇家元林]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 29 May 2013 13:45:21 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[生活点滴]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[debian]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Firefox]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[QQ]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ubuntu]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[电脑]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[系统]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[虚拟机]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://hjyl.org/?p=2532</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[再次转入ubuntu的怀抱，转型Linux系统。说说此时此刻我对ubuntu的感觉吧！]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>说起ubuntu，早在<a title="11年四月的日志" href="http://hjyl.org/2011/04/" target="_blank">11年四月</a>就有接触了。可当时不懂的太多加上ubuntu不是太成熟，很快又投入winows怀抱了。其实习惯了win7系统，我很久没重装过系统了。太多人因为电脑中毒而重装系统，而我却因为好玩。我想不通，难道他们的电脑喜欢中毒，还是病毒喜欢他们。本来我想发个微博简单说下我再次进入ubuntu的心情算了，可几句话怎能表达我的心情？于是才有了今天这一文。</p>
<p>前几天和一博友互动，他用ubuntu发表了一篇文章，说自己转型Linux，顿时我心动了。几年前我也想喜欢上Linux，可各种缺陷的原因把我打败了。这两年我玩VPS，对debian和lnmp的越来越熟悉，几次重装debian和lnmp搭建都很得心应手。所以我想何不安装一个debian，或许比ubuntu熟悉呢？以前用XP的时候，看到Linux都是好几个G，觉得还是win系统好。自从win7,win8的陆续上映，才发现Linux不是我想象的那样。debian和ubuntu一样。也有CD版，可debian有CD1,CD2,CD3......搞得我都不知道下载哪个。随便下载一个（CD1）,用虚拟机安装，我去，整整安装了一夜。第二天早上发现全是尼玛的DOS命令。后来才知道debian也是是有gnome的。</p>
<p>我也有想过用深度Linux和雨林木风的，可从相貌看就不喜欢，虽说国人的用户习惯还是XP系统，但活生生的给Linux剥皮拆骨再画上XP的皮，一点性格都木有了。最后还是选择了ubuntu，起码曾经我试图喜欢上她。</p>
<p><figure id="attachment_2533" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-2533" style="width: 300px" class="wp-caption alignleft"><a href="https://img.hjyl.org/uploads/2013/05/QQ20130529201409.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-medium wp-image-2533" alt="ubuntu与QQ" src="https://img.hjyl.org/uploads/2013/05/QQ20130529201409-300x187.png" width="300" height="187" title="QQ20130529201409 300x187.png" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-2533" class="wp-caption-text">ubuntu与QQ</figcaption></figure></p>
<p>话说win系统在安装上是越来越简单化了，只需十几分钟就搞定了，而Linux却还是需要花上半天的时间，其中占用大部分时间的是下载。当然，你不联网安装也是可以的，只不过你安装好了还是要下载更新系统。debian就是因为我取消了联网而导致安装失败了几次。而且Linux也会经常有系统更新，如果网速不错的话也倒没什么，可怕的是网速如龟速。</p>
<p>我先用虚拟机安装试试，可电脑配置太低，太卡，不过瘾，于是直接WUBI安装，把她放在D盘。虽然Linux的文件系统和win系统的文件系统大相径庭，但是值得称赞的是她不会直接割掉D盘，而只是把D盘划一部分用来安装Linux，不过在ubuntu系统里，D盘的其他文件是看不到的，但其他分区就向U盘一样显示出来。</p>
<p>今天折腾了一下午，把该装的都装好了，包括QQ。真是非常可惜，现在的腾讯居然还停留在win系统，看看那个Linux QQ，都是多少年前的事，现在基本上不能用了。但不得不承认腾讯改变了不少人的上网习惯。导致我们离不开QQ。所以对我来说ubuntu解决了QQ，基本上也就没太大问题了。好在Firefox一直坚持开源路线，坚持Linux版浏览器的开发和维护，这点非常好，Firefox已然是我的上网习惯，很多插件代替了不少软件。传闻ubuntu将可能改chrome为默认浏览器，让我有些可惜！</p>
<p>总而言之，此次再次投入ubuntu的怀抱，熟悉的味道更熟悉了。Linux大神也是很多的，我相信会有更好的软件替代win的习惯。</p>
<p>（此文由ubuntu客户端发布）</p>
<div id="content-copyright"><span style="font-weight:bold;text-shadow:0 1px 0 #ddd;font-size: 13px;">版权声明: </span><span style="font-size: 13px;">本文采用 <a href="https://hjyl.org/go/aHR0cHM6Ly9jcmVhdGl2ZWNvbW1vbnMub3JnL2xpY2Vuc2VzL2J5LW5jLXNhLzMuMC8=" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">BY-NC-SA</a> 协议进行授权，如无注明均为原创，转载请注明转自 <a href="https://hjyl.org">皇家元林</a><br />本文链接: <a rel="bookmark" title="ubuntu世界" href="https://hjyl.org/ubuntu-world/">ubuntu世界</a></span></div>
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		<title>被折腾回来了</title>
		<link>https://hjyl.org/to-be-come-back/</link>
					<comments>https://hjyl.org/to-be-come-back/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[皇家元林]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 05 May 2012 14:54:10 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[生活点滴]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[alienvps]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[buyVM]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[debian]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[KVM]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[LNMP]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[OpenVZ]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[quickweb]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[superkvm]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[vps]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Xen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[长城宽带]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://hjyl.org/?p=2229</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[入手superkvm两天，被打败了，被折腾回来了。继续寻找更好更便宜的VPS。玩机有风险，买机需谨慎！]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>有关注的朋友可能会发现，从昨晚开始，我的博客处于无法正常打开的状态。不是被攻击了，是被折腾的。不是折腾博客，是主机。自从小米的出现，很多乐色都喜欢模仿其“饥饿销售”。并且现在的网络新闻比较丰富，你不传，自然有人帮你传。于是我了解到一家VPS空间商——superkvm——256M的KVM将在昨晚八九点上货。因为价格比较便宜，加上别人的评价还不错，所以我也就迫不及待抢了一个。然后又迫不及待折腾起来......</p>
<p>KVM果然跟OpenVZ和Xen之类的VPS不太一样，KVM更像是自己的服务器，它需要自己像给自己的电脑装系统一样给它装，只不过它装的Linux系统。经过查询相关教程，再加上我折腾两个小时，才明白其中的流程，且整理出一个<a href="https://hjyl.org/go/aHR0cDovL3c3Yy5pbmZvLzE5MDEuaHRtbA==" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">教程</a>，分享给有需要的朋友吧！</p>
<p>基于我目前的网络环境下（长城宽带，啃爹的宽带，断网率达到90%），一打开网站速度本来就不那么快，还要打开国外的网站，速度上就更勉强了；二经常断网，更遭的是今早，正弄着呢，突然掉线了，蛋疼了......</p>
<p>经过好友的推荐，我使用过quickweb，alienvps，BuyVM和superkvm这几个VPS，总结一下使用心得，希望可以对一些朋友有帮助。</p>
<p>quickweb，OpenVZ，300M内存/384M突发，10G大小/250G流量，凤凰城。使用一年，在我的印象里，宕机次数不超过10次。并且在我的网络环境里，比较顺畅。后来听说有超售的现象，所以没敢再续费，不过目前观察，貌似还比较正常（看来超售的不是那么厉害）。</p>
<p>alienvps，192M，Xen VPS，9G大小/190G流量，纽约。因朋友介绍，听说不错，所以我买了两个。可惜有一个一直在Offline，然后我就给客服发TK，客服大概好几个星期理我一下，然后就消失了。对此，我非常气愤。所以，我每天给所有的部门发一个TK，就当这几十美元给社会做贡献了。庆幸的是，两个多月以后，他全额退款了。这是我一直强调的，曾经客服说给我加两个月使用期，让我继续使用他的VPS，被我拒绝了。不敢了，服务不好的卖家，一律拍死！不过说实话，另一个VPS，目前为止还是比较稳定的。不过还是得有待观察。</p>
<p>BuyVM，就是我现在博客所使用的，也是采取饥饿销售模式，现在所有VPS还处于售罄状态呢。可能我比较走运吧，不小心抢了一个256M那款。说实话，目前这款VPS我并不是很满意，不然我也不会考虑superkvm了。我买的每款空间或者VPS，我都会监控它（dnspod的DNS监控挺实用的），一有宕机状况，我就会收到邮件。而收到最多的还是BuyVM，每天都会宕个几回。虽然我不知道会不会影响大家的浏览，但是我看到这种邮件，我很不高兴！看我表情，不高兴！</p>
<p>superkvm，KVM，256M内存，10G大小/200G流量，凤凰城。这家是国人开的，是代理myhost123产品。貌似其那种销售手段不是很奏效，这款KVM还有货呢！从昨晚到现在，我表示对这款KVM级别的VPS折腾失败。我习惯debian+lnmp模式，其实我都装成功了，可数据库一直导入不了，很奇怪，数据库在服务器里导入方法应该很快才对，而这款KVM一直导入超时，所以很多朋友今天看到的博客就像“出厂设置”过一样。而且安装lnmp过程中发现，其下载速度很慢，都是几百KB，好像从未超过1M/S，而先前几个都是以M为单位的速度。甚至，我第二次、第三次安装lnmp，出现卡死，掉线的现象。并且今晚我也收到空间商的邮件，说被别有用心的人攻击。而我从debian到costos，再到Ubuntu，全装了个遍。直到现在我也没法将我的博客成功转移过去。所以我放弃了。如果哪天发现它变的更快更稳定了，再考虑转吧。</p>
<p>我觉得，VPS比一般的空间确实劲道不少。而且相比有些空间也不是那么贵。有人愿意花1000多买所谓稳定的国内Win空间来装php网站，我觉得你还不如买VPS。还有人喜欢用全能空间，我觉得php网站就应该用Linux空间，asp网站才用Win空间，搞什么全能空间，其实一点都不全能，还是一大堆问题。总之，希望有款又便宜又稳定又速度的VPS出现吧！</p>
<p>玩机有风险，买机需谨慎！</p>
<div id="content-copyright"><span style="font-weight:bold;text-shadow:0 1px 0 #ddd;font-size: 13px;">版权声明: </span><span style="font-size: 13px;">本文采用 <a href="https://hjyl.org/go/aHR0cHM6Ly9jcmVhdGl2ZWNvbW1vbnMub3JnL2xpY2Vuc2VzL2J5LW5jLXNhLzMuMC8=" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">BY-NC-SA</a> 协议进行授权，如无注明均为原创，转载请注明转自 <a href="https://hjyl.org">皇家元林</a><br />本文链接: <a rel="bookmark" title="被折腾回来了" href="https://hjyl.org/to-be-come-back/">被折腾回来了</a></span></div>
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